Radiation therapy is a widely used cancer treatment that uses high-energy radiation to kill or shrink cancer cells. It targets the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from growing, dividing, and spreading. Radiation therapy is often used alone or in combination with other treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy.
Radiation damages the DNA inside cancer cells, which either kills the cells or stops them from multiplying. While some healthy cells may also be affected, they usually recover over time. Radiation therapy works by:
There are several types of radiation therapy, each designed for specific cancers and treatment goals:
This is the most common form, where a machine delivers radiation from outside the body directly to the tumor site.
Involves placing radioactive material inside or near the tumor, offering a high dose of radiation to a localized area.
Uses radioactive substances that travel through the bloodstream to target cancer cells throughout the body. Often used for thyroid cancer or bone metastasis.
The method and schedule of radiation delivery depend on the cancer type and location:
Radiation therapy offers many advantages in cancer treatment:
Radiation therapy can cause side effects depending on the treatment area and dosage, including:
Modern radiation therapy is becoming more precise with the use of image-guided techniques, proton therapy, and AI-based planning. These advancements help increase effectiveness while reducing side effects.
Radiation therapy remains a cornerstone in cancer treatment. With technological progress, it continues to offer safe, precise, and effective options to destroy cancer cells and improve patient outcomes.
